Ebook Free George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis

Ebook Free George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis

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George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis

George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis


George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis


Ebook Free George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis

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George F. Kennan: An American Life, by John Lewis Gaddis

About the Author

John Lewis Gaddis (born 1941 in Cotulla, Texas, U.S.) is a noted historian of the Cold War and grand strategy, who has been hailed as the "Dean of Cold War Historians" by the New York Times. Cold War (Allen Lane, 2006) was Waterstone's Book of the Month. He is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University.

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Product details

Hardcover: 800 pages

Publisher: Penguin Press; First Edition edition (November 10, 2011)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 1594203121

ISBN-13: 978-1594203121

Product Dimensions:

6.5 x 1.6 x 9.5 inches

Shipping Weight: 2.6 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.5 out of 5 stars

93 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#571,359 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

John Lewis Gaddis obtained from the great man much time and personal access, and was granted privileges to Kennan’s archives. Gaddis has produced a very profound, insightful work on George Kennan‘s Grand Strategy. Kennan promulgated this strategy through the Long Telegram, his famous writing as author „X“ in the journal, Foreign Affairs, and in position papers of the Policy Planning Staff under George Marshall and Dean Acheson. The reader walks with Kennan through the 1920‘s when, under the Rogers Act, the man in his young 20‘s enters the very first generation of a newly established class of professional, career officers of America‘s foreign service. The reader, with the young Kennan, learns to love Russian culture and history as the State Department sponsors his immersive graduate studies in Russian language and history combined with work-study programs in consulate offices. Kennan, like Dean Acheson, was present at the creation. Kennan underestimated his own power of influence, both at the end of World War II, the outset of the Cold War, and over the seventy years remaining in his life when a grateful nation kept seeking his counsel despite his seeking of scholarly refuge from the empyrean heights of the Advanced Institute at Princeton University. Kennan’s greatness emerged in strategic vision promulgated with force of language shaped by Shakespeare, John Donne and Edward Gibbon. A very inward, reflective, even spiritual man, Kennan always felt responsible towards children and posterity; he always took other persons very seriously in their humanity. These spiritual qualities combined with poetic powers that found new forms of strategic expression patterned for new world situations as they arose — his foresight as early as the 1940’s of Communism’s ultimate fall under its own weight due to the unwieldiness of the Soviet Union’s far-flung empire; his opposition to the Vietnam War as well as the bombing of Hanoi; as well as his proposal in the 1980‘s of strategic arms reduction (to replace arms limitation) with an ultimate goal to eliminate weapons of mass destruction overall. Gaddis does not shrink from candid review of Kennan’s considerable limitations and faults. Gaddis’ work is well-balanced. My first contact with George Kennan came 50 years ago as a college junior in international relations, having been assigned Kennan‘s concise „Lenin and the West.“ Kennan‘s vision struck that college junior forever, and Gaddis‘ biography is one of the few expressions that measures up to the great man‘s legacy. This work should be read in conjunction with the very profound work of Robert Beisner, „Dean Acheson and the Cold War“.

It would be next to impossible to read about the Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union without George Kennan's name appearing. The man's containment argument carried the day in Washington D.C., helped our nation avoid war with the U.S.S.R., and, therefore, prevented needless deaths on both sides. For about three decades, I've always wondered why this guy? Sure, Mr. Kennan was acknowledged as a very smart person when it came to Russian history, but it's difficult to believe he was the only big brain kicking around D.C. that had a firm grasp of the Russian mindset as well as Bolshevism.Mr. Gaddis does an excellent job in, not only explaining Mr. Kennan's importance and how he became indispensable, but also the full measure of the man. Warts and all. The author rightly had concerns about taking on a biography about such a thin-skinned man while the dude was still alive. Mr. Gaddis explains the conditions which were put in place for him to attempt the biography. His intimate access to Mr. Kennan's boatloads of written arguments; the man's family, friends and foes; and most importantly exclusive use of Mr. Kennan's life-long personal diary culminates into not a gushy lovefest but a very balanced, absorbing biography. Mr. Gaddis's book certainly deserved the Pulitzer Prize. Like everyone else, Kennan had qualities that were admirable and other aspects of his personality that were either annoying or made him a good candidate for being hit on the side of the head with an iron skillet.The story is about a brilliant wonk whose ability to right cogent, poetic assessments that influenced policy makers is what separated him from the other bright bureaucrats. Man oh man, the guy rubbed elbows with the big guys; Presidents Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Nixon, Bush 41, and Clinton as well as General MacArthur, Secretary of States George Marshall, Dean Acheson, and George Shultz. Then there's Robert Oppenheimer, Mikhail Gorbachev... look, my fingers are getting tired in listing all the power brokers. You get the picture. Also, his love of Russian history and culture and ability to speak perfect Russian made him a cut above the rest. At his core, Mr. Kennan had an oddly wonkish heart and the unstable emotions of your stereotypical artist. The man was completely, laughably clueless about contemporary American culture.In the week I was reading "George F. Kennan," not one person who asked me had any idea who he was. That's a shame. Mr. Kennan strongly believed that style was as important as substance. He joined the two and made himself into a valuable asset. Mr. Gaddis seems to have taken the same attitude while writing his Kennan biography and the result is an outstanding work which deserves a wide readership.

Gaddis is well know to have an Encyclopedic knowledge of the Cold War. He also had Kennan's blessings in writing this biography. Gaddis does an adequate job of reviewing Kennan's life - but then tends to be more of a perfunctory emotional quality to this work than should have been present with someone as dynamic as George Kennan. This is the official biography by the official biographer - but many of the qualities of Kennan's spirit seem to me missing. I strongly suggest that folk actually read Kennan to pick up these missing pieces.Gaddis though has written some fine work on the Cold War, although I strongly disagree with his take on the Truman Doctrine.

A terrific piece of scholarship and fine writing, exploring the life of the man who as much as anyone else, including President Truman, set the tone for American containment policy toward the Soviet Union. This is an important book, and a great choice of subject on the part of Professor Gaddis, preeminent Cold War scholar.

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Get Free Ebook Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness

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Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness

Review

"[A] new book applying the lessons of social psychology and behavioral economics to everything from health care to climate maintenance. The authors of Nudge . . . agree with economists who'd like to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by imposing carbon taxes or a cap-and-trade system, but they think people need extra guidance."―John Tierney, New York Times"Two University of Chicago professors sketch a new approach to public policy that takes into account the odd realities of human behavior, like the deep and unthinking tendency to conform. Even in areas―like energy consumption―where conformity is irrelevant. Thaler has documented the ways people act illogically."―Barbara Kiviat, Time"A manifesto for using the recent behavioral research to help people, as well as government agencies, companies and charities, make better decisions."―David Leonhardt, The New York Times Magazine"Engaging, enlightening."―George Scialabba, Boston Sunday Globe"Sunstein and Thaler are very persuasive. . . . Great fun to read."―Dahlia Lithwick, Slate"An essential read . . . an entertaining book. . . . The book isn't only humorous, it's loaded with good ideas that financial-service executives, policy makers, Wall Street mavens, and all savers can use."―John F. Wasik, Boston Globe"An engaging and insightful tour through the evidence that most human beings don't make decisions in the way often characterized in elementary economics textbooks, along with a rich array of suggestions for enabling many of us to make better choices, both for ourselves and for society. . . . The conceptual argument is powerful, and most of the authors' suggestions are common sense at its best. . . . For that we should all applaud loudly."―Benjamin M. Friedman, New York Times Book Review"By a 'nudge,' Thaler and Sunstein mean a policy intervention into choice architecture that is easy and inexpensive to avoid and that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing an individual's economic incentives. . . . Thaler and Sunstein stress that if 'incentives and nudges replace requirements and bans, government will be both smaller and more modest.'"—George F. Will, Newsweek"Save the planet, save yourself. Do-gooders, policymakers, this one's for you."―Newsweek". . . an excellent rendition of how human beings view choices and make decisions."—Gurumurthy Kalyanaram & Sunanda Muralidharan, International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Management Vol 5.4"As important a book as I've read in perhaps 20 years. It is a book that people interested in any aspect of public policy should read. It is a book that people interested in politics should read. It is a book that people interested in ideas about human freedom should read. It is a book that people interested in promoting human welfare should read."―Barry Schwartz, The American Prospect"Nudge helps us understand our weaknesses, and suggests savvy ways to counter them."―Emily Bobrow, New York Observer"This Poor Richard's Almanack for the 21st century . . . shares both the sagacity and the witty and accessible style of its 18th century predecessor."―Benjamin Gregg, Law and Politics Book Review"As bookstore shelves fill up with works by parlor-room thinkers who would entertain us with their economic nonsense, an entertaining book that also deeply informs could get lost in the shuffle. That book is Nudge. . . . Thaler and Sunstein's . . . attempt to deal with difficult issues is always stimulating."—Gene Epstein, Barron's (One of this season's recommended page-turners on economic, financial and political-economic issues)"Entertaining, engaging, and well written. . . . Highly recommended."―ChoiceA 2007 Top Seller in Business and Economics as compiled by YBP Library ServicesSelected as a finalist for the 2008 TIAA-CREF Paul A. Samuelson Award, given by the TIAA-CREF InstituteNamed one of the best business books of 2008 by The Financial TimesSilver medal winner of the 2008 Book of the Year Award in the category of Business & Economics, presented by ForeWord magazineWinner of the 2010 Kulp-Wright Book Award, given by the American Risk and Insurance Association"In this utterly brilliant book, Thaler and Sunstein teach us how to steer people toward better health, sounder investments, and cleaner environments without depriving them of their inalienable right to make a mess of things if they want to. The inventor of behavioral economics and one of the nation's best legal minds have produced the manifesto for a revolution in practice and policy. Nudge won't nudge you―it will knock you off your feet."―Daniel Gilbert, professor of psychology, Harvard University, Author of Stumbling on Happiness"This is an engaging, informative, and thoroughly delightful book. Thaler and Sunstein provide important lessons for structuring social policies so that people still have complete choice over their own actions, but are gently nudged to do what is in their own best interests. Well done."—Don Norman, Northwestern University, Author of The Design of Everyday Things and The Design of Future Things"This book is terrific. It will change the way you think, not only about the world around you and some of its bigger problems, but also about yourself."—Michael Lewis, author of The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game and Liar's Poker"Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein's Nudge is a wonderful book: more fun than any important book has a right to be—and yet it is truly both."—Roger Lowenstein, author of When Genius Failed"How often do you read a book that is both important and amusing, both practical and deep? This gem of a book presents the best idea that has come out of behavioral economics. It is a must-read for anyone who wants to see both our minds and our society working better. It will improve your decisions and it will make the world a better place."—Daniel Kahneman, Princeton University, Nobel Laureate in Economics

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About the Author

Richard H. Thaler, winner of the 2017 Nobel Prize in Economics, is the Ralph and Dorothy Keller Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Economics at the University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business.  His latest book is Misbehaving:  The Making of Behavioral Economics.  Cass R. Sunstein is the Robert Walmsley University Professor at Harvard Law School and most recently the author of Impeachment:  A Citizen’s Guide.    

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Product details

Hardcover: 293 pages

Publisher: Yale University Press; 1 edition (April 8, 2008)

Language: English

ISBN-10: 9780300122237

ISBN-13: 978-0300122237

ASIN: 0300122233

Product Dimensions:

6.1 x 1.1 x 9.2 inches

Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)

Average Customer Review:

4.0 out of 5 stars

593 customer reviews

Amazon Best Sellers Rank:

#39,813 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)

An interesting work. . . . It speaks of how conditions can be changed and perhaps improved by "nudging" people. Rather than "beating up" on people, subtly nudge them. Fascinating reading and very provocative. Is nudging good? Or manipulative?The authors, Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein, faculty at the University of Chicago, define a "nudge" as (Page 6): ". . .any aspect of the choice architecture that alters people's behavior in a predictable way without forbidding any options or significantly changing their economic incentives." Indeed, they define their perspective as "libertarian paternalism." They believe in freedom but also wish to use "nudges" to induce people to improve their health, and live longer and happier.One simple example? Has any male ever used a urinal with a fly painted onto it? This simple nudge reduces "spillage" by 40% as males involuntarily try to hit the "target." In the process, there is a benefit, less smelliness and messiness in the restroom.The book applies the nudge argument to investments, health, school choice, organ donation, the environment, marriage, and so on. In each case, they try to show how nudges and libertarian paternalism can improve the quality of life of individuals as well as providing social benefits.Questions do arise, as the authors themselves admit. Is this a manipulative approach? Do we subtly manipulate people into doing things that they might not voluntarily wish to do? Thaler and Sunstein address these issues. Each reader will have to determine how well they succeed. A provocative and fascinating work, well worth reading.

The point is very clear. We all have preconditioned manners of making decisions and instead of having to choose from thousands of options it makes more sense to nudge us to a more common ground than to leave us confused and frustrated. This of course is on condition that there is pure transparency of all the options. If you have ever read any books about psychology or studied the subject or have read Daniel Kahneman’s book Thinking Fast and Slow, than this book will not provide you a lot of new insight. It looks at a lot of old and some recent researches about how people who think they’re making rational decisions are in reality not and have pretty predictable decision patterns. The book then goes on to recommend how society could be better if we followed some type of Paternal Libertarianism where the ones providing choses like Insurance companies or government services nudge persons to make smarter decisions while being transparent of all the options and not hiding any of them. I agree with them almost 100%. Most of their suggestions and examples make sense as long as the ones nudging are 100% transparent. If you’re anything like me, you will say the book is just okay and you will not be blown away by any Wow moments. So you can either read the book or save time and just speak to someone who read the book and have a nice long discussion with them.

Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness by Richard H. Thaler and‎ Cass R. Sunstein has a simple premise. Unlike classical economic theory, where people are fully rational and always do things in their best interest, we are really lazy, uninformed, and unmotivated. We make bad decision because we lack information, or space out, or are too stupid to investigate what descisions will make our lives better.Intuitively, this view appeals to me. One example: create online retirement forms with a default setting which generally benefit employees, rather than no setting at all. Most people don't really understand their retirement plans, if they even have one. So make their laziness work for them.Of course, the “Libertarian Paternalism” proposed in this work is problematic. Who makes the choices that we get to choose from? Can’t "they" rig the system for their benefit and not ours?Despite this, I think the author’s view of human nature is sound, and can lead to more intelligent discussions about what we, as a species and individuals in that species, can hope to accomplish.

No wonder Richard Thaler's work won him the Nöbel Prize in Economics! Built on the earlier work founding Behavioral Economics by Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tvarsky which de-throned the "Rational Actor" model of humans in Classical Economics, Kahneman and Tvarsky, joined by Paul Slovic, showed human thinking is hard-wired in evolution, beset by Heuristics and Biases which are provably non-rational. They answer the question often provoked by observations of others clearly acting against their self-interest. There has been 35 years of continuing research in this area, a Nöbel for Kahneman, even showing that Capuchin monkeys are hard-wired native economic thinkers and choosers. We act, as evolution indicates, for action in the short term, primarily in the lower level, fast thinking brain and with heuristics/algorithms sufficient to meet the test of "Probably Approximately Correct", with book of this name by Leslie Valiant. Humans are not randomly irrational, but predictably irrational, which is what makes The Nudge work effectively.Thaler gives us an alternative to formal control systems for humans based on rules, laws, behavioral/operant conditioning, "shoulds, oughts, musts". Humans ignore or rebel against the rules, and deny consequences for short term gains.Thaler's "Nudge" is the alternative, assuming people will act in their self-interest without depending or using rationality or reason. Thaler shows in his reserach and presents in his book how to shape choice using the newly discovered laws of predictable irrationality, or choice shaping.

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