November 08, 2010
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Free PDF Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
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Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
Free PDF Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs: The Astounding Interconnectedness of the Universe
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Product details
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Audible Audiobook
Listening Length: 12 hours and 32 minutes
Program Type: Audiobook
Version: Unabridged
Publisher: HarperAudio
Audible.com Release Date: October 27, 2015
Whispersync for Voice: Ready
Language: English, English
ASIN: B00YI0B6BU
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
At one time it was said that Lisa Randall was the most cited theoretical physicist with about 10,000 citations. This is no easy achievement. She has now written a fascinating story about dark matter. Her previous books were: “Warped Passages†about the role of extra dimensions and “Knocking on Heaven's Door†about the Higgs particle. The latter contained the best explanation of the Higgs that I have read. This new book requires less of a technical background to understand. It is the easiest to read.“Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs†combines stars, galaxies, comets, meteors, particle interactions, and of course dinosaurs. What could be better? The book is well written and totally fascinating. We know of the existence of dark matter by its effects on ordinary matter, in particular, through the rotational speed of galaxies, and also by its role in the gravitational lensing of light. Dark matter permeates the universe. There is five times as much dark matter as there is ordinary matter. We also think that the dinosaurs died 66 million years ago when a large meteoroid, e.g., comet or asteroid, crashed into the Earth.Is there a connection between dark matter and the extinction of the dinosaurs? Did a dark matter disk lying in the plane of our galaxy nudge the meteoroid into a collision course with the Earth? As an atomic/nuclear physicist I am captivated by the idea that dark matter may form atom-like objects. Once you have self-interacting dark matter, everything else follows: the galactic disk, period passage of the solar system through the disk, the meteoroid nudge, and the tragic end of the dinosaurs. However, I think that we will have to learn more about dark matter. Satellite observations of the motion of stars may tell us about the disk of dark matter. More about the nature of dark matter may be revealed at the LHC or at the bottom of a gold mine in South Dakota, a land once ruled by dinosaurs.
This is another very interesting book by Lisa Randall, theoretical physicist at Harvard University. The book is divided into three main parts: The Development of the Universe, An Active Solar System, and Deciphering Dark Matters Identity.In the first part, we are introduced to this thing called dark energy – something that remains constant over time as the universe expands. That's why this type of energy can be called a cosmological constant. We can determine the existence of this stuff via gravitational lensing, the characteristics of the Bullet Cluster, supernovae measurements, and the study of the microwave background radiation.- all explained by Randall. This is important stuff, because dark matter makes up 69 percent of the energy in the universe. We are also given here a history lesson on the universe starting with the Big Bang, for which the author provides us with ample evidence of the event's occurrence. Later, we see the development of stars and galaxies, and how the competition of radiation and matter brought this about. Dark matter also played an important role here.In the second section, we get an introduction to meteors, asteroids, comets, and the planets. Associated with these objects are the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud. There is an excellent primer on how to determine the edge of the Solar System, and an introduction to near-Earth objects. The discussion continues into the five major extinctions that have occurred starting with the Ordovician-Silurian period about 440 million years ago. There were others before this, but these had a major impact on life on Earth. It is the last one, called the K-Pg extinction, that is responsible for the final blow to the dinosaurs, and the author elaborates on this in her book. Actually, it all began with Walter and Luis Alvarez back in 1980 when they discovered a layer of iridium dating back to about 65 million years ago. Over the years, other evidence solidified the findings, such as the discovery of other rare metals, rock droplets called microkrystites, tektites, and other evidence. Eventually the crater at Chicxulub was found clinching the case.By part three, we are now deciphering the mystery of dark matter. There are a number of possible paradigms for what dark matter is composed of. One prominent candidate are WIMPS. Some others are axions, neutrinos, machos, and asymmetrical dark matter models. Finding the right candidate is the difficult part since “today’s searches rely on a leap of faith that dark matter, despite its near invisibility, has interactions that are sufficiently substantial for detectors built from ordinary matter to register.†We have direct detection method, such as cryogenic detectors, and those that employ noble liquids. Then there are the indirect detections methods that involve looking for the signal that would arise if dark matter particles annihilate with dark matter antiparticles transforming the energy produced into something visible. The author discusses some discrepancies uncovered in the search for dark matter, such as the core-cusp problem, the missing satellite problem, and the too big to fail problem. Further chapters discuss an interesting hypothesis of the author called “double-disk dark matter,†(DDDM) and also something called “partially interacting dark matter,†where you have a small component of the dark matter that interacts through nongravitational forces.So how is all this related to the dinosaurs? Well, according to the DDDM theory, our galaxy would contain two types of disks, the dark matter disk and the visible matter disk. As the Solar System oscillated through the dark matter disk as we moved through the galaxy, gravitational forces could have slung “comets out of the Oort cloud so that they periodically catapulted into Earth, possible even precipitating a mass extinction.†The Oort cloud is a cloud of icy bodies found beyond Pluto. Who would have known?
Lisa Randall’s book is an interesting, entertaining and fun journey of a speculative new scientific idea from its first inception through the scientific process to the proposal of experimental tests. It was impressive to see the scientific rigor that is applied to investigate all possible implications and all conceivable alternative explanations. Yet the book is much more than that as it explains the current understanding how the universe evolved, galaxies and stars formed and how all of this is connected to (and by) dark matter and ultimately our life here on earth.To me this was not just a book about the idea how dark matter could have contributed to the demise of the Dinosaurs, it is a detective story and a view into a scientific mind working through all aspects a new scientific theory. And it was actually fun to read. Many analogies and funny anecdotes made it easier (at least for me) to understand the science and there are also tons of fun facts about science and our society in general.The book was highly praised by two reviewers of science magazine (The dark side of the universe, Jan Smit and Renske Smit, Science 23 October 2015: 390. [DOI:10.1126/science.aad2604]) and Lisa Randall points out clearly what are speculations, proven facts or established theories and makes this easily understandable for us non physicists.Yet here we are again: I see this in many science book reviews on Amazon. There is always the annoying “I give this zero stars†review without any meaningful explanation. Then there is the usual guy who has his own “theory†how the world works. The “If you happen to believe in dark matter…†is the dead giveaway.I rate this book five stars because it’s an entertaining read and scientifically as correct as a book for non-scientists can be (just look at the positive reviews in the scientific journals).
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